Design for an Intelligent Waste Classifying System: A Case Study of Plastic Bottles

The use of plastic bottles has become a significant environmental concern, and recycling them has become a priority. Small and medium-sized recycling companies must collect and categorize large volumes of plastic bottles and sell them to larger recycling firms, a process that is time-consuming, costly, and labor-intensive. This manual sorting process can pose health risks, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, and can affect worker productivity. To address these issues, this study proposes the development of an automated conveyor belt system that can rapidly and accurately separate plastic bottles by type. The system utilizes an opaque and transparent plastic bottle separation platform, which saves time, cost, and manpower. This system design provides recycling SMEs with a competitive advantage by serving as a practical application model and a prototype with an easy-to-use concept. Key tools employed in this research include product design development (PDD), Kansei engineering, manufacturing process design, controlling system, and fault tree analysis (FTA). The light sensors are critical components in the separation process, detecting the opacity or transparency of the bottles' surfaces. The proposed prototype's reliability will be assessed by FTA, which considers all potential failures. This study contributes to the body of knowledge surrounding the integration of conveyor systems and provides valuable information for businesses seeking to optimize their sorting processes. The guidelines developed in this study can serve as a starting point for further research on the integration of conveyors in waste sorting plants. © 2013 IEEE.

A smart healthcare monitoring system for patients using IoT and cloud computing

Health monitoring systems are rapidly growing in recent times, Continuous monitoring of the patients is one of the big challenges for hospitals. Smart systems have been established to track the patient present health status;we focus on monitoring the patient's blood pressure, body temperature, Heart rate. In this project we use Arduino Mega 2560 which is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560 comments. In this paper, Embedded C language by using Arduino is used to obtain the sensor values. IOT data cloud is used in this project. IOT is used in healthcare system to track the patients' health condition as a monitoring device. Cloud computing develops as a platform for IoT data storage, processing and analytics because of its simplicity, expandability and affordability. Transmit sensor values to Arduino and it sends to GSM and WIFI module to monitor the parameters of the patients. In this project the notifications of patient's health status are sent to the caretaker and nurse, simultaneously it is updated in webpages also for the doctor's reference. Taking in account, COVID 19 Pandemic is highly infectious and spreadable disease, so to maintain the social distance, this monitoring system is needed. It reduces the need for face-to-face appointments with doctors in hospital. ECG sensor is also used to decide the heart activity of the patients. This project aims for the patients who are in continuous monitoring and bedridden. The GSM and IOT technologies give the architecture for healthcare in this project. © 2023 Author(s).

Development of Data Logger for COVID Vaccine Temperature Monitoring System

The Data Logger (DL) is a unique tool created to carry out the typical duty of gathering data in a specific area. This common task can include measuring humidity, temperature, pressure or any other physical quantities. Due to the current pandemic situation, its use in temperature monitoring of Covid vaccine will be crucial. According to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, COVID vaccine can be stored and transported at -80 °C, -20°C and +2-8°C and shelf life is reduced as vaccine is transferred from one storage temperature to another. So cost effective, efficient and standalone Data Logger (DL) is the need of the hour. The Data logger is proposed to be developed with the use of ESP8266 Node MCU microcontroller. It takes power from a 5V Battery. DS18B20 sensor will be used for temperature sensing. Here we will use Wi-Fi module of ESP8266 Node MCU to send the temperature data from sensor to the Google Sheet over the internet. This real time data will be stored in the format of time and month/date/year. Data logged in Google Sheet will be displayed to the user with the help of graphical user interface (GUI) which is developed using PYTHON scripting language. GUI will allow user to interact with Data Logger through visual graphs. The Data Logger components are mounted on a double layered PCB. © 2022 IEEE.

Arduino Based Restaurant Menu Ordering System

The role of restaurants, canteens, other forms of eatery and food service outlets are becoming very big part of most economies at different levels. However improvement in customer experience while making orders plays a very critical role in having a smooth and efficient menu ordering process. This article presents a novel hybrid approach that tackles the challenges associated with menu ordering especially in the post-covid era;both from software and hardware perspectives. First, a web-application - powered by ReactJS and GraphQL, which enables order request anywhere at any time was developed. In addition, is the implementation of hardware with mobility feature on trips to the restaurant using two Arduino microcontrollers (transmitter and receiver). The result allows the user to browse through a catalogue, check-in and out on a Thin-Film-Transistor (TFT) liquid-crystal display (LCD) and deliver a seamless experience to the customer. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Acta Marisiensis. Seria Technologica. is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

IoT based microcontroller operated UV germicide system

With the rise of the COVID-19 pandemic across the globe, people have come to understand the requirement of sanitation. However, other than the personal hygiene, sanitization of all the appliances (like mobile phone, wristwatch, wallet, eye wear, etc.) has become very important. Therefore, the requirement of germicides is being increased to sanitize all the appliances. A few germicides comprise chemical sanitization mechanisms and others devices are based on high radiant UV (ultraviolet) light. From the available literature, UV-based germicides are more efficient and effective in killing the harmful microorganisms. However, in the existing system the rate of disinfection is less, which makes this system lag. In general, the UV-based germicides use UV rays for the sanitization process. The UV rays are one of the forms of electromagnetic radiation with the wave lengths from 10 to 400nm. Typically, there are three types of UV rays, viz., ultraviolet A (UVA), ultraviolet B (UVB), and ultraviolet C (UVC) Moreover, UVA are longer waves, used as a black light through which microorganisms may be noticeable, while UVC are the shorter waves that kill the harmful microorganisms directly by destructing their DNA. Further, we have developed a germicidal system with greater rate of disinfection that is comparatively faster than the existing system, and it also includes the sanitization of our working environment too to disinfect the airborne organisms with greater accuracy. In the present invention, an IoT device that provides surface sanitization through microcontroller-based UV germicide is developed to reduce the disinfection time and air sterilization as well. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Design of virtual learning experiences for microcontroller programming during COVID-19 pandemic

The social distancing imposed by Covid-19 impacted the development of educational activities at all levels. Engineering education was specially challenged by the suspension of face-to-face activities, which paused the development of laboratory practices. The present work accounts for the design of virtual learning experiences in a Microcontrollers course. The free online tools 'Tinkercad Circuits' and 'Arduino' were used to simulate circuit programming and connections. These tools also allowed remote collaboration between students and teachers during lockdown. The results of the Mechatronics Engineering students (n=30) show that programming skills and hardware knowledge were developed. Additionally, the activities had a positive response from the students. On the other hand, according to the psychomotor domain taxonomy, the students had obstacles to their full development. It is concluded on the importance of integrating simulation to the development of activities and laboratory practices, as well as the advantages of hybrid teaching formats. © 2023 IEEE.

IOT based Temperature and Oxygen level monitoring and Data visualization

The Covid-19 pandemic that hit us in 2020 changed our lifestyle in every way. There was tremendous damage to people's lives. It is now predicted that other variants of Coronavirus are affecting people's health throughout the world. We must remain vigilant against upcoming dangers. The Indian health ministry has also advised people to take the necessary precautions. In this paper, we will focus on automating temperature and oxygen monitoring using the Internet of Things. According to our proposed model, data generated by the temperature sensor (MLX90614) and oxygen saturation sensor (MAX30102) will be stored in a relational database. Using this data, future data analyses can be conducted. We are also going to visualize the data by building an interactive dashboard using Power BI. Overall, health monitoring will become much more convenient and speedier. © 2023 IEEE.

Mini-thermal platform integrated with microfluidic device with on-site detection for real-time DNA amplification.

The recent cases of COVID-19 have brought the prospect of and requirement for point-of-care diagnostic devices into the limelight. Despite all the advances in point-of-care devices, there is still a huge requirement for a rapid, accurate, easy-to-use, low-cost, field-deployable and miniaturized PCR assay device to amplify and detect genetic material. This work aims to develop an Internet-of-Things automated, integrated, miniaturized and cost-effective microfluidic continuous flow-based PCR device capable of on-site detection. As a proof of application, the 594-bp GAPDH gene was successfully amplified and detected on a single system. The presented mini thermal platform with an integrated microfluidic device has the potential to be used for the detection of several infectious diseases.

The Queue's Automated Creation of Doctor's Calls by Patients in the Hospital with Visualization via the Mobile Application

The spread of the COVID-19 virus is challenging society to provide medical care to a growing number of patients in the hospital. It is important to determine the patient from whom an urgent appeal was received earlier and to automate the creation of the calls' queue. Determining the direction of the sound source, which is the patient's voice, can be realized using the passive acoustic location method. In this case, it is necessary to place sound sensors in the wards with patients. In such a case, these sensors it is expedient to build in the lighting equipment executed in the shape of Platonic polyhedra. The microcontroller system, located inside such a spatial structure, ensures the transmission of sound to a server computer system. The above system alternately records the receipt of urgent appeals, analyzes the location of the sound source, and sends the relevant data to the doctor's smartphone. The mobile application visualizes information about the location of the patients who need consultation or help. The proposed solution for intelligent analysis of voice appeals by inpatients may also be useful for post-stroke, post-infarction, and other bedridden patients who are unable to call medical staff otherwise than a voice. © 2023 River Publishers.

IoT Based Real Time Health Score Indicator

Every individual wishes and desire to be in good health. In the existence environment it has become exceedingly unusual to maintain a good health. The era of CORONA virus compiled every country of the world to give healthcare highest ion all respect. An ideal response to such an epidemic is an IoT-based health score indicator. Real-time health score indicators built by using Internet of Things (IoT) is intended to relieve the stress and movement of ill and fatigued patients. The patients can quickly perform many necessary or obligatory medical tests on-site. In today's hectic society, the vast majority of people as well as patients prefer medical testing to be done at home. In this study, various tools were combined including the thermometer, blood pressure, glucometer, pulse oximeter, heartbeat, and ECG on a single unit. The sensors along with Arduino and LCD were merged to create a single gadget. Moreover, a server-based Android app will be developed to upload information about all the testing results which can makes the patient life easier. © 2023 IEEE.

Smart Health Care Monitoring and Indoor Occupancy Control System using Arduino

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the need to develop effective COVID-19 pandemic control strategies. One of the crucial steps for individual protection is to stop the virus spread by the wearing face masks. The proposed method is developed to monitor the infected people in the crowded public areas like shopping centers, wedding hall, workplace, school or college. The abnormal temperature is detected by using sensor and the obtained signal will then be sent to the Arduino device connected to the controller. In order to stop the spread of COVID 19 viruses, this study intends to design and develop a novel system to automatically limit the room capacity based on temperature. The proposed Atmega328 microcontroller-based body temperature detection and a room capacity measuring device is connected with the android smart phone of the user. © 2022 IEEE.

Innovative IoT-Based Wristlet for Early COVID-19 Detection and Monitoring Among Students

The current global issue of the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted the push and utilization of all available means to halt its spread. COVID-19 is a highly infectious disease, and continuously monitoring early symptoms could help avert catastrophic devastation. This paper proposes an innovative use of the Internet of Things (IoT) enabled system to efficiently and effectively detect early COVID-19 signs at a relatively low cost. This study adopted an experimental approach in designing and constructing a low-cost hardware system using a Wi-Fi enabled microcontroller, a temperature sensor, and a heart rate sensor for students. The proposed system detected and distinguished normal and abnormal temperature, regular and irregular heartbeat and constantly displayed the student's status in a mobile application. Consistent tests proved that the developed IoT-enabled system was reliable, responsive, and cost-effective. The mass production of this device will aid in the early detection of the disease, thereby mitigating the spread among students, particularly in underdeveloped countries. The paper's merit stems from the microcontroller's intelligence programming and the sensor's operation via the mobile application, which enables low-cost early identification of abnormal temperature and heartbeat irregularities. © 2022, Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems. All Rights Reserved.

Simple Software Simulator for Teaching Embedded Programming

This article presents simple software simulator of a microcontroller evaluation board FRDM-KL25Z. The simulator was developed to make it possible to teach our embedded systems course online during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is in principle a software library that handles function calls and register access from student's program and displays the outputs in a console window of a standard desktop application. It does not require any special hardware or software tools except an IDE capable of building C++ applications for the desktop computer. It can be easily modified for different microcontrollers and thus can be useful if existing lessons need to be switched from in-person to distance learning at a short notice. © 2022 Kassel University Press GmbH. All rights reserved.

Identification of Respiratory Diseases and Diabetes by Non-invasive Method Using IoT

The objective of this paper is to identify respiratory diseases such as Asthma, Covid-19, pulmonary disease, and diabetes from the human breath odor using a non-invasive method. For detecting diseases using a non-invasive method, temperature sensor (to identify body temperature), pulse oximeter sensor (to identify blood oxygen level and heartbeat rate), and acetone sensor (to identify respiratory diseases from human breath odor) with Arduino ATMega328 microcontroller unit (MCU) were used. If the temperature is greater than 37.2 C, the heartbeat rate is greater than 100 bpm, and the oxygen level is less than 92% Covid-19 will be detected. If the oxygen level is less than 95% the heartbeat rate is at (100–125) bpm, and the temperature is at 36.1–37 C, asthma will be detected. If the heart rate is greater than 86 bpm, the temperature at 36.1–37 C, the oxygen level at 92–97% and the acetone level at (354–496) ppm, diabetes will be detected. If the oxygen level is less than 92% the temperature at 36.1–37 C, and the heartbeat rate is greater than 110 bpm, the pulmonary disease will be identified. After disease detection, suggestions will be provided to the patients based on their health reports. Finally, suggested medicines will be sent to the patient's registered mobile phones by connecting node MCU with blynk using IoT technology. The results will be stored and the patients can compare their health conditions for future analysis. The traditional method of laboratory tests is considered to consume more time. In our method, the duration of the detection process is less and the results help to identify health problems at early stages and predict diseases quickly compared to the traditional method. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Remote Health Monitoring System Using Microcontroller—Suitable for Rural and Elderly Patients

Amid and post-COVID-19 pandemic, the matter of being in touch with patients to monitor their health matrices became somewhat challenging, especially in the rural areas of countries like Bangladesh and for elderlies. To address this issue, a patient health monitoring system is developed using a Programmable Intelligent Computer (PIC) microcontroller and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) protocol with the help of a pulse sensor, IR sensor, photodiodes, temperature sensor, etc., to measure 3 (three) crucial health matrices such as heartbeat/pulse, oxygen saturation level, and body temperature from a fingertip of the patient in 20 s remotely. Whenever the system measures the health matrices, it sends a short message service (SMS) report to a personal caretaker over GSM automatically. If the system finds any anomaly based on predefined threshold levels for each health parameter, it sends a SMS alert report to the designated doctor automatically as well. A prototype of the developed system is made, verified, and tested to be working perfectly as designed and programmed. In the experiment with the developed system, heart rate ranged from 61 to 105 bmp, body temperature ranged from 95.3 to 99.1 ℉, and oxygen saturation was minimum at 97%. According to the set threshold levels, which led to an automatic SMS alert to the caretaker's mobile phone. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Real-Time Health Monitoring System Using Predictive Analytics

Medical specialists are primarily interested in researching health care as a potential replacement for conventional healthcare methods nowadays. COVID-19 creates chaos in society regardless of the modern technological evaluation involved in this sector. Due to inadequate medical care and timely, accurate prognoses, many unexpected fatalities occur. As medical applications have expanded in their reaches along with their technical revolution, therefore patient monitoring systems are getting more popular among the medical actors. The Internet of Things (IoT) has met the requirements for the solution to deliver such a vast service globally at any time and in any location. The suggested model shows a wearable sensor node that the patients will wear. Monitoring client metrics like blood pressure, heart rate, temperature, etc., is the responsibility of the sensor nodes, which send the data to the cloud via an intermediary node. The sensor-acquired data are stored in the cloud storage for detailed analysis. Further, the stored data will be normalized and processed across various predictive models. Among the different cloud-based predictive models now being used, the model having the highest accuracy will be treated as the resultant model. This resultant model will be further used for the data dissemination mechanism by which the concerned medical actors will be provided an alert message for a proper medication in a desirable manner. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Early coronavirus disease detection using internet of things smart system

The internet of things (IoT) is quickly evolving, allowing for the connecting of a wide range of smart devices in a variety of applications including industry, military, education, and health. Coronavirus has recently expanded fast across the world, and there are no particular therapies available at this moment. As a result, it is critical to avoid infection and watch signs like fever and shortness of breath. This research work proposes a smart and robust system that assists patients with influenza symptoms in determining whether or not they are infected with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In addition to the diagnostic capabilities of the system, the system aids these patients in obtaining medical care quickly by informing medical authorities via Blynk IoT. Moreover, the global positioning system (GPS) module is used to track patient mobility in order to locate contaminated regions and analyze suspected patient behaviors. Finally, this idea might be useful in medical institutions, quarantine units, airports, and other relevant fields.

IoT Based Cytokine Storm Symptoms Early Warning System for Covid-19 Self-Isolating Patient

Covid-19, which has spread throughout the world, has reportedly caused millions of deaths. Among the causes of the patient's death is the phase after the patient is declared negative for COVID, but there is a cytokine storm. In this study, an IoT-based technology was proposed to be able to detect abnormalities in COVID-19 patients, even though they already had a negative Covid status based on the PCR test. The implementation of this technology allows former Covid patients to be monitored from anywhere as long as they are connected to the internet, using designed wearable devices and dedicated mobile apps for them. Based on experiment result, all the sensors have the ability to work and sense patient body indicators with error below 5%. This study demonstrated the flawless use of a mobile app dedicated to monitor patients' health during the pandemic. When patient health condition indicating exposed to cytokine storm, a warning notification is appear at the mobile app. © 2022 IEEE.

Intelligent unmanned medicine cabinet based on 51 single-chip microcomputer

With the relatively uneven distribution of medical resources in China and a new outbreak of COVID-19 at the end of 2019, we developed an intelligent medicine cabinet to alleviate the problem of high pressure and difficulty in accessing medical care in hospitals around the country. The medicine cabinet has a signal transmission circuit system based on 51 microcontroller and a new X-Y trajectory control module, which controls the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal by Proportion Integration Differentiation (PID) algorithm to improve the accuracy of the DC motor. It has the functions of online drug selection, drug sales, drug transmission, etc. Meanwhile, the online drug purchase system based on the WeChat applet can reduce the probability of infection by a new coronavirus. And the new X-Y cargo track will significantly improve the safety of fragile drugs while ensuring their delivery. The development of this medicine cabinet will greatly reduce the operating cost of pharmacies and meet the demand of people to purchase medicine at night. © 2022 SPIE.

Remote laboratory for microcontroller programming course

this paper describes experience of changing microcontroller related course from face-to-face to remote format, which took place in Riga Technical University during the COVID-19 pandemic during years 2020 and 2021. The name of the subject is Laboratory exercises in electronics. The primary ideology of that course is to let students touch and feel electronics without using any virtual stuff like simulators. Therefore, replacing everything with simulation is not a solution to such kind of course. In this publication, we want to describe system that is mixture of real physical system installed in the laboratory and remote interface interacting with the physical system. © 2022 IEEE.